Glaucoma 2020

Ocular Microbiology, Immunology and Oncology

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Microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites can enter the human body and are capable enough to spread to attack the interior surface of an eye thus spreading the infection. The interior of the eye lacks lymph vessels but is highly vascularized, and many immune cells reside in the uvea, mostly macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells. These cells fight off intraocular infections, and intraocular inflammation can manifest as uveitis (including iritis) or retinitis. The cornea of the eye is immunologically a very special tissue as it is vulnerable to a wide range of microorganisms while its moist mucosal surface makes the cornea particularly susceptible to attack. It additionally provides a big portion of the eye’s refractive power, which means it should not only keep remarkable transparency, but must also work as a barrier to stay away from pathogens as they cannot reach at the rest of the eye.

Ocular oncology is a multidisciplinary service which provides the information about eye malignancy by the general oncologists, pediatric oncologists, specialist nurses, clinical scientists and plenty of others. The most common malignancies include uveal and conjunctival melanoma, uveal metastasis, intraocular and conjunctival lymphoma and conjunctival carcinoma. The commonest cancer of eye occurs in kids which is known as ‘Retinoblastoma’. The second most common intra-ocular malignancy is Choroidal Melanoma occurs among adults. ocular oncologists receive an oversized range of referrals of patients with suspected malignant tumors. Diagnosis relies on biomicroscopy, angiography, optical coherence tomography, ultrasonography, biopsy and autofluorescence imaging. The most common benign tumors include naevi, chorodal haemangiomas, vasoproliferative tumours, and retinal haemangioblastomas. Many of these lesions require treatment and/or long-term surveillance.